Can I Get Toxoplasmosis Again

Our Folks with protein

Reflective vests shimmers in the sun, piercing with difficulty through the clouds. Brightly dressed young people care about the order during the Third National Congress of former residents and their descendants Polesie. Patrol the parking lot, are rubbish, set off the bench. Life jackets are on the back the words "Duty Parish." Teens are not ashamed or dress, or parish functions. On the contrary, help during the event is treated like a mention. Only young people enjoying a good reputation in the village was entitled to inherit. Radkiewicz Alice, Agnes Łozowska, Carolina Gielement, on duty during the day. Evening during the feast Polesie licealistki replace older colleagues. Service changes in protection.

Girls in parish ministry

Ujma girls does not produce or familiarity with the parish, or roots. They say they come from Polesie, but immediately adds: "We live in Białkowie." whoever lives in this village, that the family does not extend to the nearby Oder, but somewhere in the swamps of the river Jasiolda in Brest in Belarus. Poleszucy, cut off from their roots, they brought in 1945 in the western territories retain their own culture and its many elements to this day. Alice, Agnes, and Carolina is a grandmother provided some unusual customs of the local villages, the younger generation thread tied to the history of memory Polesie land. I wytłumaczyły when it is "like at home."

When holding cold and smoke from the chimney glides straight to heaven, then there is "at home". On Tuesday after Easter, when pryświatok falls, the day which are not allowed to work in the field, because the hail will come and destroy crops in the spring, is also "at home". Or on the arrival of storks. That same fall, during pig slaughter, when the butcher a dead animal care on a straw fire, and then doing a "kumpiak" or cured and smoked ham. "Like home" tastes, "cortical" yeast cake, "pierogi" Polesie "," pancakes "with the sop, that is gravy." How in the house "punches to the head" charm Polesie "secretly forced moonshine recipe known only in Białkowie ( hosts in the nearby villages rarely been brewing moonshine.) Organizers are trying to be "at home" was when Congress Poleszuków.

Similar to previous years, most visitors came to the protein from the Western provinces. Group of Gorzow Wielkopolski, where it is based Society for Polesie, hired coach. Stand in the parking lot of cars, license plates from Bialystok. Nad Odra Poleszuk came from Belarus. Hung on the neck board with lettered names of the places: Czernicze, Łozowo, Sielec. Maybe Białkowie find countrymen?

Third Congress of the inhabitants of Polesie and their descendants had to take place before, but did not come to fruition. Residents do not hide disappointment, however, are reluctant to talk about the reasons for the resignation of the Polesie holidays. On the Internet forum, but you can find the anonymous entries disagreement with the pastor. priest, who initiated and engaged in the preparation of the two previous events, he saw no sense, and by malicious comments, the interest in the preparation of the Congress. The event was organized by the Association of Friends of the Earth itself Polesie. Mass celebrated bishop of the Green Mountains, not in church, as before, but on the municipal square in the middle of the village.

Poleska Chamber Oder ...

Soon the place where the altar stood, and now is the bandstand, the rise of once open-air museum - the holding of Polesie. Animator project is Eugene Niparko, Poleszuk of protein. When Congress returns the regional dress and white beard. Guests posing for pictures before a shed for tools that you personally made from wooden beams. The material came from Bialystok, and the opinion of Mr. Eugene looks "at home". People we hate equipment. Someone threw chomonto at night, the second masielnicę, another suspended harrow on the wall. "It is not the Polesie, only post-German" - one of the guests of the convention, showing the cast-iron pan with a handle. Next to the shed is a haystack, held down with long, protruding above the fence poles. "Opposite the barn will be there next state of the cottage. Already planted walnut, and soon we will build a well with a crane "- explains Mr. Eugene. Young people with their own eyes see that the grandparents lived in wooden thatched huts without electricity and running water.

hosts themselves built in the Polesie homes, which they called "haspoda. In no event "hut" because in their language, the word signified shelter, the final coffin. Wooden houses were cramped and small, made up of one or two chambers with no court, but it is a huge furnace, which serves the whole family for the winter den. The interiors of the day enveloped dimness, because the small windows inside wpuszczały little sunlight. Here and there one could encounter, "Damn," hut, without ovens, a bonfire, burning in the middle of the Chamber of blackened and drenched smoke, which came out through a hole in the wall or through the cracks under the eaves. Compared with Poleski pens, holding Białkowie palaces appear to be nothing for people and livestock.

Just watch reproductions of pre-war photos, which the Society of Lovers of Polesie publish on its website. Crushed old age homes of bleached wood stretching along the street sinking in the mud porytym by running loose pigs. The peasants are dressed in fur hats and sheepskin coats, women wear flowery skirts and usually go barefoot. I guess not much has changed since the time when they traveled Polesie Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, "Country of the forest, sand, mud, poor people, shivering and shattered bridges, dams, followed by driving, you need to call my teeth for fear that all the bones are not potrzaskały, sad forests, pine, [...] immense beard, sands intransigent, sometimes cross at a crossroads, an old orthodox church supported on crutches, mogiłki cottage on the tombs, reminiscent of pagan times, [...] hut in the middle of the land, people, skinny half-naked " _{(Kraszewski, Memories of Volhynia, Polesie, Lithuania , Warsaw, 1985).}

in search of their

Polesie before World War II was a backward and poor. missed battered roads and waterworks, and the illiteracy rate among the largest in Poland. Poleszucy, by nature, isolated from the outside world, there developed a Polish national identity. Although by the authorities of educational and awareness RP in the census of 1931 year about 700 000 inhabitants of the region to define the Polesie their nationality as " local." ethnographer and sociologist Joseph Obrębski, which in the interwar period, he led an expedition to explore the Polesie wrote about the "people without a homeland", which divides society into "their" and "foreign." "People Polesie - in its vast weight - are neither Ukrainian nor the Belarusians. Cease to be Poleszukami. They become people without a country "- noted Obrębski in the book "Polesie". _{(p. 234 Obrębski Joseph Polesie , Warsaw 2007} ). Barbarism, savagery, primitiveness, backwardness - Oberski lists the characteristics attributed to Poleszukom by neighboring peoples. The negative image of marsh-dweller, which is fixed by the researchers and travelers in distant parts of the country Polesie, intensified the need for residents Polesie hostile isolation from the surrounding world. Climate and landscape favored exclusion.

"In the middle of Europe, in the twentieth age - a very strange, exotic country. (...) The country little known, in many ways mysterious, and largely trudnodostępny his part - almost unpopulated! "It's the Polesie - posted turn, Anthony F. Ossendowski in published in 1934 in his book" Polesie ", one Part of the popular series' Polish Wonder. " Reclusive country has always lived a wild people, although that changed habits, but has retained character, until the present writer. Woe to him who grew up in a space the other day and quaking bogs of Polesie. Ossendowski paints a frightening picture of a former inhabitant of the swamp. "I do not inhuman creatures such as mermaids, or wodzianki Topielica constituted a threat, but the most terrible enemy, however, was a taciturn, enigmatic and always wary inhabitant of this country - Poleszuk. He did not want, the neighborhood was afraid of people, somewhere, and when something is arriving, and unknown to him, so they cut off and could czem. After a night attacked with an ax to sleep in shacks improvised shacks - kureniach and "szatrach", introduced in the ambush, and suddenly thrust in to the abyss, they let the arrow to be sure poisoned "czemierem" or "blekotem" reconciling "bone spear hunting or fishing. Thus, newcomers are not maintained for a long time in the lands of Polesie.

From the Poleszukach take up such characteristics Ossendowski wonders? And then he answers. "Over the centuries, all of them demanded something from Poleszuków, pulled them into an alien to them, incomprehensible, and sometimes quite dangerous accident for which they then had to pay long and dearly. That made Poleszuk became suspicious, and stubbornly passive, and when it does not help, vindictive and bitter. Trim the horse's fetlocks spętanemu on pasture, steers secretly injure a neighbor, set fire to the hut and let the smoke full granary of the enemy, drain obszarnikowi pond with fish, and even from an ambush attack on the gamekeeper, or, as until recently - prowl the roads and make seizures - knows and is usually silent, suspicious Poleszuk, imbued with eternal hostility to outsiders, but who knows how not to betray to them from their feelings. "

Poleszuk, pagan traditions survived until the present day author. Ossendowski writes that the ancient customs of the Polesie never lapsed. "In any event, at the beginning of the twentieth century Slavic pagan religious practices have been noted here several times, causing even sending missionaries to the Orthodox Polesie (...)". "(...), Divination, omens do - as they probably once held the pagan priests on the estates of the old men of the ancients, drewlańskich. - The ratio of man to nature has not changed. "If it is true what they wrote the researchers, writers and travelers Poleski nature of people and saved until the thirties of the twentieth century, this means that they brought it with him and passed over Odra genes in children - residents of the protein.

Petelewo Selo and stags in the county Prużana turned out in a set at the railway station Kartuska in Bereza. Załadowały family possessions for freight furniture, agricultural tools, livestock. The train started, and by two week went to the west. The road stretched like a slug. Locomotive trailing, often doing stops, during which trailed wagons with residents of neighboring town. The route crossed the passage of the new borders of Poland, exactly in half. After driving 700 km train stopped at a station named Reppen. The presence of wopistów testified that lies near the German border and not allowed to go further. The soldiers, however, forbade the unloading. The elders of both villages has chosen a group of horseback riders and sent her on a reconnaissance around the "Wild West". Men had to select homesteads for their families and livestock. They returned after two days, and soon the train started again, but after a while stopped for good. In Cybince ended tracks and the protein it was necessary to go on foot and organize transportation. It was early November 1945.

Białkowie Houses stood empty, nieopalane. The Russians drove the family last summer. Many Germans fled in January, before the arrival of the Red Army. Balkow other residents, the Russians evacuated before front approaches. Men were separated from women and children who were interned in one of the estates near Cybinki. After the capitulation of the Reich returned to the mother farm. Soon again went to the farm Buschvorwerk, where in winter 1946 years were decimated by the epidemic typhus. In 1945, died 60 women and children from villages Balkow.

Men - too young to join the army and the elderly and the sick, unfit even to volkssturmu, czerwonoarmiści formed into columns, numbering a total of 30-40 people, and they drove to Poznan. Not everyone survived Bialkowski death march. The Nazis even defended Poznan citadel and prisoners above the Oder River at the station already loaded into wagons, and then through the days and nights were taken deep into Russia. In the last year of the war, along with fallen soldiers at the front, 108 men lost their lives. Counting the liberation of women and children unable to attend every fifth German resident protein. With no other village in the municipality of Ziebingen, fate has not walked so cruelly. ( _{estimates authors of the book "Ziebingen und der Umgebung-Wendisch Sternberger Winkel im Land" Gerhard Jaeschke, Manfred Schieche} )

Generations Radkiewiczów, Weryszków, Kondarewiczów and others residing in a solid, brick houses that had belonged to the families of the names of Walter, Nemack, Ulrich, Gebert. In the war village had 825 people. The same number lived here at the end of 1945. "People took all the farm and lived at home, next to each other" - recalls the Wladyslaw Kondarewicz sixteen. Bounds shared the same owners headlands, behind the fence lived well familiar neighbor. You can say Petelewo and stags moved to protein.

first years after the war, people wear it yet, so "at home", exposing themselves to derogative remarks and jokes with his neighbors. Villagers from Polesie not know any other fashion. The coolness men donned fur coats and fur hats, shirts przewiązywali patterned strip called "perewiaska. "Sztany," or put their pants with legs in "postoły - rag shoes, tied ropes around the feet and calves. Joseph is the only man Niparko in the village, which on special occasions donned traditional attire Poleski. "Like home" wear only women and is also the occasion of the feast, such as Congress or a concert Poleszuków local regional assembly "Kryniczeńka.

Euganiusz Niparko museum organizes Poleski

D łużej than regional outfit to survive in the village language. To this day you can hear the singing Białkowie dialect, which is a mix of Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish. "My grandmother said, as the heroes of the movie" Sami Swoi "- explains vividly Gilement Carolina. Young people do not use the speech of their ancestors. Once the language was a barrier to its neighbors in the area. When two residents of the protein did not want to understand their acquaintance with the thundering and Rąpic, half-sentences passed on the dialect and comrade he lost immediately topic.

Petelewa Historical Population and cuckolds and their descendants Polesie identity brought together over 65 years. "Białkowcy" stick together "- Joseph Sidorenko said the three kilometers away Thundering -" mess with one, the entire village is your head. " Solidarity solidarity of the rural population is primary clan. "Białków is one big family" - explain licealistki. "Hello, uncle, aunt hi. Everyone here knows. " Name Radkiewicz carries dozens of people in the village. Identification with "their" still plays a role in human relationships much more than in other cities of the western frontier. In Białkowie solidarity ever conceived very literally. Apparently bachelors looking for wives only in their own village. - "It is better to take your enemy, than a foreign friend" - Caroline does not quote the characters' Swoi, "but the words of its mother. Schoolgirl ensures that there is now no matter where it comes from a spouse.

Until recently, people observe the wedding tradition. At the house of the future wives, including dances and songs podjeżdżał car with the groom's dowry. Before there was a wedding held zapoiny, or engagement. Nażeczony exceeded the threshold of his family home wybranki, accompanied by the matchmaker. The future groom asked their parents to marry his daughter. Parents, for fun, bargained with him and banter, rozpytując knight who he is, what he can do what he has. After that it was a wedding, and even after nine months of tanning christening.

Poleszucy above the Odra

girls from the "service of the parish, like most residents of the protein has never been in Belarus. Ancestral land of the people familiar with the stories, films and photographs. They do not want to go for the eastern border. Irena Kulczyńska of protein from the land of the fathers know the stories of parents and grandparents, but not selected on a tour of the Bug. - "I want to keep in mind the image of the stories their parents" - he says. Those who were in Polesie, returned depressed, a view of what they found. A friend who went to Belarus said that the villages there is no trace. Eugene Niparko also not eager to revisit state Lukashenko. 12 years ago looking for traces of his native village. "This is no longer Polesie" - says Niparko.

Licealistki reprocess school romance, and probably because they imagine Polesie as idyllic and mysterious land, like the poem Wladyslaw Syrokomli.

Nieprzemierzone eye marsh areas

Sqnują I sometimes dream-like nightmare.

dark and dense forests, caves, though;

River, which the vine, and sieving liquid; (...)

Secret a charm in my eyes obwiewa

Polesie Yellow Sands and gloomy wood,

Black, torn huts on the sand or mszarze,

straw covered rural churches and cemeteries,

fir or pine tree adorned with oblique

Where to bulge a little hut on each grave.

There is no line Polesie nineteenth successor, nor the world described by F. Anthony Ossendowski. Bulldozers ran over wooden pens Petelewa and cuckolds, Aligning the ground for the collective farms of maize crops. Rivers, canals and marshes - an essential element of the landscape was filled Polesie, melioranci drained marshes and built dams, after which they are asphalt roads. People living in swamps scattered for themselves in an alien element, "post-German" towns and villages. Real traces the historical land of Polesie can be found today, not on the Prut, but Białkowie near the border with Germany.

May 2010

Cb Beam Antennas For Sale

Highway after 60 years of Jacob Boehme

Even before, every few kilometers from the forest emerged a concrete structure. Fragments resembled a bunker or a piece of equipment the military training ground. In Brójcach strange object that looks like a bay broken bridge leading to nowhere, stood directly on the A2 route. The area Rzepin huge gray block almost rub against the road towards the border. Today, workers, struggling with frost and snow, rises in this space a modern viaduct, which will take the highway in autumn 2011. Many similar objects architecture ceased to exist in recent months. Thus vanished the last traces and remnants of the first stage of highway construction Reich (Reichsautobahn) from Frankfurt to Poznan.

November 2009

planned bridge spans, supports and pillars dźwignęły never any flyovers. Recognized until recently characteristic embankments and embankments only approaching change in the civil engineering structures for our time. For over 60 years nothing was done, now, within two years, has built the highway to the border with Germany. "Construction is moving exactly along the route traced by the Germans" - admits Zofia Kwiatkowska, spokeswoman for the Highways Wielkopolska. Where it is currently operating heavy equipment operated by well-paid professionals, in the first years of the free world worked by forced labor. Approximately 10,000 men passed through the camps scattered along the prepared route. On the construction of the past silent archives. Historians can not even indicate the locations of most of the 20 camps where the workers once lived "Prisoners were forced into slave labor. Engaged in simple activities. Felling trees, sypali shafts. "- Explains Matthias Diefenbach and shows the overgrown grass embankments. "As in other camps, the conditions were very severe, and mortality had to be high." Diefenbach, ethnographer from Frankfurt / Oder, the last few years reveals the story of Hitler's Highway.

Matthias Diefenbach in the search for traces of highway construction Reich

its construction plan was born in 1937, as part of ongoing project road connections with the Reich's eastern territories. In parallel, was created "Berlin", the spacy route which had the intention to lead from the German capital through Szczecin to Konigsberg, crossing Polish territory extraterritorial corridor. In the south, continued construction of the Berlin branch of Wroclaw in Upper Silesia. The intention of the Nazi ideologues convenient construction of roads was not only the infrastructure project, but also propaganda. Highways was to stir the East civilization. Roads "only for cars," fought in progress. The Nazis understood it as a Germanization not only humans but also wildlife. They pass by the highway travelers typically "Germanic" landscapes. At A2 achowały over the years pieces of thickets, in which the precious tree species planted. Oaks, beeches and maples were growing along the roads and to displace the ubiquitous dwarf pine and birch.

Until September 1939, the highway to the Polish border existed only on paper. With the outbreak of war and the need for rapid transportation of people and goods in the conquered eastern territories, road works started between Frankfurt and Poznan, incarnated into the Reich. Since the German Führer wanted their sons to war fronts, lacking the hands to work, especially the hardest and worst paid. Chief "road builder" of the Reich, Nazi engineer Fritz Todt had the idea of \u200b\u200bbringing the work of Jews from the Lodz Ghetto. Germany got rid of the Jews from his country and is said Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, he needed several months to agree to their employment in the Reich. "Within one year and two winters were performed on a large scale-scale work on building bridges and earthworks " - Matthias says Diefenbach.

construction stopped in 1942. The situation on the fronts of the war turned against Hitler, and there are other priorities than building highways. Besides, after the Wannsee Conference, the Nazis began the "Final Solution" and the Jews engaged in road works were sent to concentration camps. Moves witnesses and Matthias Diefenbach only on the basis of scanty resources, he can point to a few places where the permanent barracks for slave laborers. 'Camps were used to end the war as transit camps, or long-distance units of concentration camps. "- Says Diefenbach. Certainly, you can indicate the location of the camp in Świecko. In the spot, clearly visible from the border bridge over the Oder River, stands today a monument commemorating the criminal labor camp called a cynical "view of the Oder River." Camp managed by the Gestapo from the nearby Frankfurt. In January 1945, just before the Red Army arrived, the Nazis evacuated the camp. 70 most vulnerable who can not move the prisoners were placed in one of the huts and set alight ... Together with the people most likely burned the archives on this and possibly other camps, where they lived forced laborers working in the construction of the highway.

former camp Świeck

Kates Playground Uses Rabbit

from Zgorzelec

The Old Zawidów views of three countries: the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. The earth is coming to a Neisse, flowing picturesque valley. From the Görlitz and conical hills Luban grow with beveled tops. Volcanic Landeskrone frozen on the horizon from the Görlitz. of Jizera massif in the mirror, jumps in rhythm through the holes in the asphalt. Here ends the Sudetenland. Channel Way rut and need to focus attention on the lunar surface.

Area Old Zawidów

The life of Jacob Böhme way to Zgorzelec was also uneven and threw travel on all sides. Old Master shoemaker Zawidów he could not indulge in contemplation, and soak up the panoramic view of Upper Lusatia, without worrying that it breaks off the wheel, or the trip ends pushed into a ditch by the driver speeding supply Fiat Ducato. Böhme later wrote that nature is an emanation of God. "If it was not nature, it would not be the splendor and power, much less majesty, and would not mind, but without being quiet. " (Religion, OWN Encyclopedia, Volume 2, p. 160). James did not move far beyond the native Silesia and landscapes provide him such deep experiences. "If you want to talk about God, what God is, you need to urgently consider the forces of nature."

In 1599 James was still an ordinary master shoemaker, who was moving to Zgorzelec to marry the daughter of a butcher to buy house, start a family and a craft workshop. Nine months later a son was born, and all signs pointed to the fact that the family Böhme will live in harmony with the rules of his guild. James the first two years very well took up his duties. But God had other plans for him. When the master worked in the workshop, appeared to him as a reflection of the tin pot, or a pint of beer. Shoemaker fell into a state of deep meditation. "They opened my door, so that within fifteen minutes I saw and learned more than if I lived many years in higher education [...] Since I saw and learned the essence of all beings "(" Theosophische Sendbriefe "12, 6) -mentioned in the" Letters theosophical. Mystical experience influenced him so strong, that James had to go out of town to get some fresh air.

Joseph Grochal

Joseph Grochal looking out the window overlooking the route to be 410 years before followed the enlightened master shoemaker Jacob. Street along the Neisse is named Daszyńskiego and connects the center of Zgorzelec, with a pedestrian crossing the border to Görlitz. On the opposite bank of the river haunted ruins of the factory lug capacitors smashed windows. Mr. Joseph, in spite of 75 years, is a very energetic man. "Perhaps in this House Jacob Böhme suffered a revelation" - and wonders movement of the head indicates a shoemaker's workshop arranged. Plaques on the wall informed about the unusual life of a cobbler - a mystic from Görlitz, which Hegel called "the German philosopher" (Philosophus teutonicus). Workshops craft were on the street level, not on the second floor, but Mr. Joseph is not especially exercised about the head. He believes that God can reveal himself to man. Also shoemaker in Görlitz.

mystical power accumulated in the house of Jacob, still oozes from the walls of the building. So says Mr. Joseph. The Communists were unable to exorcise the spirit of the place along with German residents. After the war the building nad Nisou got ownership of the city and set up rooms in the apartment Infrastructure. Only in 2002 the Association "Euroopera" took over the house of Jacob. After the renovation, organized on two floors of the house of memory, dedicated to the pre-eminent tenant four centuries. Grochal Since then, the company with a friend, acts as a curator, collector and guide in one. He talks about master, anyone who buys a ticket for 3 gold. He speaks of the "winder", but like it when tourists call it "the second James." While urban festival takes the role of the Lutheran theologian and delight Zawidów Milner analogy in his life and biography of Böhme.

Mr. Joseph is also a theologian, but not self-educated, but educated at a Catholic seminary priests at Sacred Heart Krakow. He arrived in Zgorzelec, as champion at the age of 30 years, founded the family nad Nisou and led adult life. Grochal stresses that both persecuted for their faith. Teacher because of the unfinished history of theological studies harassed communism. Jacob Richter tormented pastor, who utterly cobbler - heretic non-print and eventually expelled from the city. The times were troubled. Lutheran-Catholic raged Thirty Years' War - Görlitz together with all Gorne Lusatia in between the warring camps. Suspicion of heresy and infidelity doctrine, regardless of confession, brought with them a threat of persecution. In a year when he suffered the first revelation Böhme, at the stake in Rome Giordano Bruno was burned.

Jacob knew the nature of things, achieved a state of mind in which all divisions are disappearing, and blurs the line between divine and human. Joseph Since the early sixties, he settled in Zgorzelec, overcomes boundaries, primarily in human heads. said that prejudices and stereotypes more difficult to overcome than the barbed nad Nisou. First, as a history teacher sought to exchange students from the neighboring village Ludwigsdorf. Later, in the role of educator, for many years traveled to the colonies in the East and tried to approach the young Polish and German. Seated in the council of the city of Zgorzelec, take initiatives for cooperation across borders. This is trying to do the same in the Association "Euroopera.

Böhme lived between the world of gods and men. Grochal also seems to did not trouble his head much worldly affairs. Not familiar with pop culture, fashion or track and not keep up with modern trends. Once I visited the house of Jacob, a few people talking in English. The group was a man dressed in a dark overcoat and hat. Mr. Joseph drew attention to him because I did not want dandy that guided the curator of the exhibition. Visitors prefer to see the house alone memory. At the end left a high donation. "Nicolas Cage visited Görlitz and the house of Jacob Böhme - Grochal read in the newspaper the next day. Does not deal with this because of any remorse. There also decided to look at closely from now on to the public. He jokes that sooner recognize God in Zgorzelec than Hollywood star.

December 2009

House of Jacob Boehme (second from left)

Health Oasis Koh Samui Credit Card

on the Western

Due to the center of Old Town just across the Oder Krosno Odra bank can get busy route named after Michal Rola-Zymierski, or a parallel street of Karl Marx. Choosing the first option, it will be pedestrian street called ZBoWiD. Walking along Karl Marx, you have to cross the street on 22 July. On the German side of the border founder of Marxism under the patronage of roads in many municipalities, but in Poland, admittedly, is a singularity. In Krosno Odrzanskie street Role-Zymierski separated from Marx Children's St Barbara, and no one feels offended for that reason. This is not the only example of symbiosis spirit and matter in the county town.

the bridge begins with the street, under the patronage of another Karol Wojtyla certainly not. John Paul II, moreover, sought in vain to the list of streets. The road leading to the church. Hedwig is named "Walter" Swierczewski. For 20 years the faithful and the pastors did not occur to change the contact details of the parish. And if this combination of sacred and profane lies a goal? Maybe street is aware of the mystery of the eternal struggle of parishioners that every roll of good and evil? Saint Jadwiga beats of "Walter," a government of souls, but the spirit and matter in the clinch and ongoing battle remains unresolved.

WOP went down the street. Formation of Border Troops did not exist 20 years, but residents of the street is still in force the old name. Right bank of the Oder shot up. On the sunny, southern slopes, where now rise apartment blocks, once cultivated vineyards. The wine was strong and sour, and residents of Krosno had unparalleled in his drinking. Apparently the Tsar Peter I, when Travel to Western Europe stopped in Krosno and offered them drinking contest. Unaware of who they are dealing Krosno, took on the challenge. The competition lasted 17 days, and of course winning car. When, after his departure, people found out who was the mysterious guest, the inn, which was drunk at the inn called Peter. 250 years later they destroyed her compatriots Tsar, who not only beat five local people.

Karl Marx monument in Frankfurt

National "29" in front of City Hall known as the Defenders of Stalingrad. District Office is located at the junction of the Red Army and 17 Pioneers. Walk around the other cities of the western frontier also recalls a time machine trip. The Red Army entered in the register Gozdnica, Mesopotamia, Trzciel. In Bogatynia the Red Army is a music school. In Rzepin primary school is located at the Heroes of Soviet. The school band students Cedynia them. Polish Army on the street learn role-Zymierski and sick children can be treated at the clinic at the Defenders of Stalingrad. Charles Świerczewski in at Lubuskie in the second plate has its fierce defenders and the masses who have nothing in the world will not take his own patron.

He learned about Edward Patek. Gubin nonpartisan city councilman tried to initiate a public debate on the renaming of some streets. The frontier Gubin is what changed. Names Swierczewski, Rola-Zymierski, Nowotko, Rosa Luxemburg, Marian Buczek still appear in the listings. The whole neighborhood Komorowo young patrons of pre-war communist activists Krasickim with Jack at the helm. People do not allowed to take his own patrons. - "It met me a lot of aggression on the part of residents" - Edward complains Patek. - "The people do not reach that Świerczewski murdered Poles." Gubin mayor is not afraid to change and even proposing a specific solution. - "I'm for the introduction of the American system. Let the word instead of the names will be numbers "- Bart Bartczak says. 30-year-old has a "war of symbols" own opinion. - "It's a political issue and we do not know whether the next government will be told again not to change anything."

West did not penetrate the wall of the hardest head of the IPN. Institute of National Remembrance distributes to local governments in Poland dozens of calls for changing the names of streets, bearing the communist patrons. In the west of the country response is minimal, and if anything comes to answer it in style: "Councillors (Torzymia) concluded that at present do not see the need to change a street name Swierczewski. Admonished because of the "Walter" Lubniewice writing councilors pledged to take the appropriate resolution. Did not take. The city council in Lubsko Zar came near to the letter seriously and voted IPN on changing street names July 22, Poplawski and interwar PRL. Four councilors supported the project, 13 were against. The names were.

Matt Korkuć from Krakow IPN coordinate action to send appeals to the government. To attach the relevant letters and biographical encyclopedias. According to the historian's attachment to the authorities and residents of communist symbols is primarily due to lack of knowledge and people should be educated. Reliable historical information could use a President cooperative afforestation "in Konotopa, which on the proposed amendment on July 22 he wrote to municipal authorities: "The street name comes from the settlement date of the first inhabitant of the blocks and no one interferes in any way." The letter from the President attached a list of signatures of residents expressing their opposition to attempts to receive the honor block pioneers. Perhaps a cooperative council will follow the example of settlement on July 22 in New town that day in honor of the manifesto PKWN attributable renamed the festival that day ... Mary Magdalene, the patron of the parish.

President IPN fights with other dates with peerelowskiego calendar. Demanded For example, the authorities formal Lubuskie Drezdenko street names January 1929. "Victory Day" is, as interpreted by the IPN, memories of another time. - "Seizure of Polish territory by the Red Army, even though it meant the end of German occupation, he also initiated a new period of the martyrdom of the Polish nation, marked by hundreds of thousands murdered, imprisoned and sent to concentration camps on Polish territory and the Soviet Union" - he urged in a letter Janusz Kurtyka. Green Mountain Włodarzom pointed out that tolerates a May 9, which is "a form of glorification propaganda and policies of Joseph Stalin, who inflicted on the essential dimension of Polish independence. " On that day, the President recommends that ... the Europe Day celebration.

IPN their, their frontier. In Zary feast of "liberation" by Soviet troops is celebrated with great solemnity. The garrison church held a mass for the intention of the inhabitants, then at the cemetery of Red Army soldiers represented by the mayor and the commander of a military unit wreaths. The West Pomeranian Boleszkowicach anniversary of "liberation" by the Army Red celebrates along with Senior Day. - "He was a fitting word - dedicated to the liberators of the capital's municipality" - reported "Gazeta Lubuska.

Guarding Slubice and city conveniences

When in 2007 years newspapers have written about the bill on removing the communist symbols from public spaces, people reacted nervously. In the near Zagan Szprotawa hastily appointed a committee organized a memorial rally in defense of the Brotherhood of Arms of Polish-Soviet. Volunteers dressed in Polish and Soviet uniforms handed out leaflets and collect signatures. - "Do we let him eliminated because he is witness to history" - told reporters Matthew Boryna, inventor of the protest. Local newspapers quoted residents bitterly remembering the Soviet garrison. In Mesopotamia, near the Forest Kęszycy people also prefer to be safe than sorry, and raised their voice of opposition. In the village, which was stationed in the Red Army, there is a statue of the Telecommunication. Locals have for a colossal figure of almost religious adoration. Firefighters on the day of his feast set before her sculpture St. Florian, Corpus Christi at the obelisk faithful build middle of the altar. Parishioners will not remove the monument. Soltys Kęszycy announced publicly clock vigil at łącznościowcu. As with most holy sacrament. "It's a symbol of the village. Tourists come here to do a picture with him "- said the Gazeta Lubuska" Andrzej Paszkowski. Residents of a remote village a few miles high in the defense took the stone with a plaque dedicated to the "Hero of the Soviet Union" - Major Karabanow named Alexei. Madam mayor stated that the cards will not allow the village to remove.

Kęszycy not only treat people with mementos of communism pious devotion. In Stargard Gubińskim monument "Walter" is like a roadside chapel, at a crossroads. Stone slab shows the likeness of General in the form of a gold medallion, surrounded by soldiers pagonów ornament. Heroes of the Red Army have more monuments than Lubuskie Polish pope. Councilman Patek notes that in Gubin is the street II Polish Army, and there is no John Paul II.

"signaller" in Kęszycy Forest

borderline people would redeem the sins of omission and new investment gives the politically correct name. The new bypass Witnica council celebrated the name John Paul II. Correspond to the four roundabouts przystankom life of Karol Wojtyla. Drivers going from Gorzów to Kostrzyn first pass Rondo Wadowice, Krakow and then Rome and finally the Vatican.

Białków near Cybinki also able to rehabilitate. By 2007, Chile's primary school, the only one in the world, bore the name of Colonel Valentin Ivanovich Fokin. Nobody knew who he was Russian. Silent on the patron card-all of universal history and the Google search engine. A source of information turned out to be Anna Pikuła, director of elementary school in Białkowie. Fokin rests in a cemetery in Cybince officer. In 1968, the municipality needed a patron for the new school. - "They brought him in a briefcase" - says Anna Pikuła - "None of it earlier in the village had not heard." When I hung a plaque with the name of the patron, people associate the facts. After the village was announced that the colonel did not die a heroic death on the field of glory, but with a group of soldiers drank alcohol poisoning from a nearby distillery and dying ripped from the center of a grenade intentionally contaminated alcohol. Valentin Ivanovich for 40 years was a posthumous honor guard at the school in Białkowie, it was replaced by the Polish Pope.

medallion with "Walter"

In Cybince There is full agreement between John Paul and ... Joseph Stalin. Mustachioed "cat people", cast in bronze form, looks calmly into the middle of two and a half thousand of the town. Bas-relief portrait of the dictator hangs at the entrance to the cemetery with the graves of 11,000 Red Army soldiers. In sześciotysięcznym Seelow across the Oder at the war cemetery is five times more dead than the living inhabitants. Russians bury those killed in the village center: the main square, next to the market, or in the vicinity of schools and churches. After the war, erected in honor of the heroes of the mausoleums. Villages and towns on both banks of the Oder-Neisse line were covered with red stars, sickles, Soviet hammers and other fossils. "Our right thing, we won!" - Says the Russian inscription on the bronze plate with Stalin in Cybince.

Stalin Cybince

Too Much Fruits Bad For Liver

Sins of the Father

Skwierzyna The road to passage Kostrzyn crimped border to the west, sat like a string, tracked down the horizon and hammered in the Forest Rzepińska. Forest went on for miles, and the monotony was broken only by pine forest forest parks. Blue road signs appear regularly, and at a few kilometers from the side windows odgarniały, like rugs, wooden curtain. At the moment there were hewn from the trunks of benches and tables surrounded by a fence of boards, rubbish strewn around the gleaming colored foil bags. After a while, empty parking lots and the wall of the forest disappeared again stuck to the window.

Roads intersect lineal simple as most wooded complexes in the country. Asphalt drags for miles through woods, wild animals providing shelter and wysypiskom garbage. There are places in Poland, less accessible and more savage, but they remain because they lie far from roads. Meanwhile, the "wild" west of Polish lead set by the Germans tracts on which there is little traffic. Along the way, lack of human habitations, and if it even appears in a hamlet, blends into the surroundings and does not distract the driver. The Krosno Oder border crossing in Gubinek is over 40 kilometers. The only settlement on the way for a disguise assumed name Brzózka.

Krzeszyce separated from Schwerin 30 km of the forest. Just before the village appeared on the sidelines of the hallmarks; BMW station wagon at Berlin-registration numbers. A few steps from the road, surrounded by the end of the fence, stumps protruded pedestals and plates smashed tombstones. After circling the old Jewish cemetery bearded man with sticks in both hands, resembling skewers for grilling sausages. Come into sharp spiers smoothly into the ground. When the lancet strikes the stone grinding noise was coming from under the feet. A boulder appears in contact with iron in a different sound than hewn sandstone.

Eckehart Ruthenberg

Eckehart Ruthenberg specifies the size of the stone. Gasping with the effort, hoe removes roots and clumps of grass. Tombstone in Krzeszycach was thrown down many years after the war, and lies a few centimeters beneath the forest litter. Cemeteries destroyed by the Nazis, covers twice as thick mantle of soil. But such graves in the Polish-German border is not met. Eckehart obmiata kneels and carefully record brush. From the sands appear German inscriptions: "Here rests in peace Martin Borck, born. 1827, as amended. 1901 ". Constructed by it tries to turn the lever on the other side of the stone, set out in Hebrew. Since the mid-nineteenth century Jewish tombstones in Prussia had to be bilingual. - "Similar devices used by the ancient Egyptians build the pyramids" - says Eckehart and all your weight hangs on the lever.

lot of effort it cost him to find the cemetery in Krzeszycach (District Gorzów). It ignored the pre-war maps. Searched in vain for the faded pages of barely visible symbols "L", contracting the tree. Prussian cartographers, in accordance with the Hebrew tradition, marked the Jewish burial site, the first letter of the word "Lebenhaus" - "house of life." Also irreplaceable " Kommunales Auskunftsbuch" - the village census of 1914, taking into account religion residents did not mention a word about the Jews in Krzeszycach. On Sunday morning Eckehart stood so before the church and outgoing with the mass people to show a card with the inscription in Polish: "Looking for and deal with Jewish cemeteries in Poland. Can I do you please tell me whether, in this village there is a Jewish cemetery? ". In Dobiegniewo Lipiany and parishioners helped him find work. In Krzeszycach spread out his hands helplessly. Eckehart went to the local pub and sat at a table as long as the evening an elderly man recalled childhood and the graves in the forest. Were to be the way to the Schwerin, about two kilometers outside the village.

Jewish traces of 66-year-old Ruthenberg looking for a quarter century. He started in the first half of the eighties, when the GDR authorities barred him from organizing exhibitions and selling art. Graduate School of Arts in East Berlin, lost his job but gained a lot of free time. - "With boredom, I started searching for cemeteries" - who says half in jest. But the real reason was, in fact, different: the rebellion against his father, who during the Nazi period dealt with eugenics, and during the Second World War could take participated in the genocide of the Jews.

The year was 1992. Dr. Martin Ruthenberg died and the family had to clean up his office in the institutions of Plant Breeding at the University of Humboldt in Berlin. Reviewing the papers, Eckehart stumbled upon a letter sent by his father to his wife from the eastern front. "Liebe Heilwieg" - began with the correspondence, written on Mar. 19, 1942 at Nowomoskowsku. "The last three days were so terrible that I do not want to write about it." Eckehart decided to find out what events such still very shocked father.

At Date 19 March 1942, Simon Wiesenthal has noted in his chronicle of extermination [1] : "The Nazis spent 400 Jews in the Russian Republic Novomoskovsk Councils and shot them on the gravel pit near the city, across the river from Samara. " The massacres at Babi Yar, near Kiev, where in two days, shot with a machine gun 33,000 Jews, the massacre of Novomoskovsk gone unnoticed. To quickly and efficiently carry out the extermination, SS benefited with the help of soldiers of the Wehrmacht. Is among the criminals Novomoskovsk was Sergeant Martin Ruthenberg?

Seven years Eckehart studied archival documents but was not able to confirm the father's participation in the extermination of Jewish civilians. "I discovered the horrible facts from the prewar period, of which the family had no idea"-he confesses Eckahart. None of the relatives did not know that Martin dealt with the nature studies at the University of Greifswald biology of race (Rassenbiologie). In his spare time, as a member of student militia SA Communist rozganiał mass production, and during the course worked on the construction of "pure German blood." His efforts saw professors, taking Martin in their academic ranks. Obtained thanks to unlimited access to the laboratories where experiments were carried out on humans. Wrote a doctoral thesis on the inheritance of traits, but the outbreak of war put an end to a brilliantly promising career in science.

Junior went to the doctor responsible for transport, the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK). Traveled through Poland and Ukraine, and a few weeks after writing a letter to the Novomoskovsk was dismissed from the eastern front. When his colleagues started their six-month siege of Stalingrad, Martin wertował documents in Riga. Behind the desk of the Office for the District of Breed Kleistenhof him sat a colleague from the University of Greifswald. Kompanowi spared former Stalingrad hell and allowed to deal with this, what Dr. Ruthenberg knew quite well: the Germans of Latvian assignment to a category nationality. At the end of 1942, Martin went to Greifswald on holiday. Nine months later, was born Eckehart.

from the children's father demanded discipline and unquestioning obedience. Eckehart remembers the constant bickering. He could not accept the strict rules and principles of education, and finally my father threw him out of the house. He was 21 years old and over the next four decades, the death of Martin, has not maintained any contact with his father. - "Looking for cemeteries is an indirect expression of rebellion against his father, utożsamianemu by me from an authoritarian state "- says Eckehart.

Eckehart In 2006 he decided to move to the other side of the Oder-Neisse line. He began Cedynia, the Polish town closest to Berlin. On zapuszczonym cemetery discovered six tombs. Then he went to Trzcińska Zdroj and found more gravestones. Next were Moryń, Debno, Boleszkowice, a total of 12 border village. Shortly before the appearance of a German in Chojna, a local newspaper described the fate of the Jewish cemetery: "Ok. 1973, or 1974 municipal workers removed all the tombstones, bulldozer torn residues of scattering on the occasion throughout the coffins and bones. In subsequent years there were pastured pigs and cows. (...) Now there is an empty meadow, where, until recently, children played soccer. " For three months, toured Lubuskie. He discovered dozens of stone tombstones, of which 20 in Torzym. Carrying the boards reflected on his health. On the way back to the house collapsed and was taken to hospital. Since then, more often makes a break and eats regular meals. Only the night in the car did not give up, sharing bed with nakłuwaczami, lever for lifting stones and meter in height.

"There was once a graveyard" - said Andrzej Kirmiel and shows the bypass Miedzyrzecze. - "The road runs through the middle of the cemetery hill." Kirmiel, historian, author of Lubuska Judaica Foundation for several years examining the past of the Jews in the former German territories. On his initiative, Polish and German high school students systematically organized Cemetery in Schwerin- currently the largest Jewish burial site in north-west. He says he is going Miedzyrzecki cemetery are significant in the remaining 600 Jewish burial places, ravaged by the Poles.

Immediately after the war, at the expense of the cemetery, the road was extended to the district Schwerin. Workers used the tombstones as a primer under the pouring asphalt. On the occasion of the works were discovered deposits of gravel, which at first illegally, then officially completely exploited. The sand with gravel piled up in the communal effort beach on a nearby lake Deep. - "The bones were placed in the gravel, which were already collected and exported," - said the historian one of the witnesses. The marbles and granites supplied the stone gravel plants. Kirmiel even found a price list established by the municipality, "former German 'tombstones. Locals on their own carted the stones that have used to build sidewalks or foundations on private estates. In January 1970 the minister of municipal cemetery set aside under the "implementation of the national economic plans, thus ending his siedemsetletnią history.

Pilgrims Cemetery in Slubice

Most cemeteries border ceased to exist in the late sixties and seventies.
- "Paradoxically, the thaw in Polish-German relations was the main reason for the liquidation of pre-war burial sites" - says Andrew Kirmiel. The communist authorities and East Germany signed a non-visa regime for Polish and Tourists began arriving from beyond the Oder. "unsatisfactory state of cemeteries and their appearance is of an extremely sensitive surface and cause unnecessary and hostile, but just remarks from the tourists" - drew attention to the Provincial Association of Public Utilities and Housing in Zielona Gora. the district authorities have decided definitively resolve the question of all "post-German" cemeteries. Thousands of Catholic Protestant and Jewish places of remembrance razed to the ground.

In Glogow eliminated the cemetery has existed since 1280 years and in its place built a housing estate. The hetero endured as a funeral home, lived out by real people. The burial site Babimost "elder brothers in faith" poured concrete into school playground. On the mentioned policy for the first time in 1,399 years the Jewish cemetery in Slubice (Frankfurt) rested prominent rabbis, led by Theominem, the author notes about the kosher recipes. Despite this, the city led the plowed area of \u200b\u200bthe cemetery, and in the early nineties he sold to a private investor who built the hotel from the brothel. After protests from all over the world object closed and demolished in 1999 residents of Slubice and Frankfurt founded plaque.

Eckehart tomb covers Martin Borck, thin parchment, and then requires him to be imported oak ground. On my knees rubbed sand in the paper. After a while the entire tombstone with inscriptions imprinted on parchment. Germany strengthens this way, all found their album. Parchments kept rolled up like a Torah. Eckehart never know who he was with Martin Borck Krietsch Brandenburg. The only time I looked in the archives of information of influential handlarzu horses, Luis Schlavinskim, whose tomb was discovered alone in Kostrzyn.

no time explore the past, dead. There has even exposed their tombstones. Addressed the scientific and Jewish institutions in Germany, but none have expressed interest in lands lying abroad. For the majority of Polish researchers History "Recovered Territories" begins in 1945. - "I have a feeling that few people are interested" - admits Monika Krawczyk, Director of the Foundation Preservation of Jewish Heritage.

- "Abandoned cemeteries are like orphans, and to adopt cemeteries" - says Eckehart Ruthenberg. The inhabitants of the western border region has a very good sentence. Within three years, did not meet with any signs of hostility. Although it prefers that people not see odsłanianych his albums. If you are not conspicuous, are more likely to survive. The cemetery in Boleszkowicach recently someone stole about 10 CDs. In Trzciel unknown assailants demolished several records on the ground. Similar devastation took place in Schwerin.

Eckehartowi effort, and money enough for two trips to Polish a month. I realize that does not manage to find all 600 Jewish burial sites, located in north-western Poland. However, it will see the same grave, he wants to fulfill a dream: as required by tradition to surround one of the fence he had discovered Jewish cemeteries.

Eckehart Ruthenberg at the cemetery in Trzciel

for Krzeszycami trees disappeared and the landscape flattened like the Netherlands. The road ran high escarpment, where overlooked the Warta River valley, crosses the dikes and canals lined alder. Signposts odsyłały through meadows to the village and named Głuchowo Budzigniew. By the end of the war Budzigniew village called Hampshire. The neighboring village Jamno was Jamaica, and today's Wildflowers - Pennsylvania. Exotic names were to increase the attractiveness of the town and to encourage colonists to settle here in the late eighteenth century. Settlers, who after World War II came from the east and center of Polish there was no need encouragement, so to this day with overseas lands is left only Malta. Villages changed the name of a familiar-sounding: Dzierzążnia, Lubomierzycko, Zaszczytowo. Kostrzyn before it started to rain. It was early spring and the National Park Warta Estuary looked like overgrown lake.

July 2009

• C zytaj article in the weekly "Polityka".
• Aug Lesen den Artikel auf Deutsch

[1] Simon Wiesenthal; Jeder Tag ein Gedenktag. Chronik Jüdischer Leiden.